C++ Basics

Strings

A string is a sequence of characters representing text. Strings are typically enclosed in quotation marks and can be stored in variables for later use in a program.

 
#include <ostream>
#include <string>

int main() { 
    // Declare a string variable
    std::string str = "codinghome"; 
} 

Integers and Floating Point Numbers

Simply said, Integers are used for numbers without a decimal, and Float is used for numbers with decimals, simply said. There is more to that but we are keeping it simple.

 
#include <iostream>

int main() { 
  // Declare an integer variable 
  int num = 10; 

  // Declare a floating-point variable float 
  fnum = 10.5; 
} 

Print

Printing an output to the terminal/console:

#include <iostream>

int main() {
  // Declare an integer variable
  int num = 10;
  // Declare a floating-point variable
  float fnum = 10.5;
  
  std::cout << "num: " << num << std::endl; // <-- Prints the integer variable (variable num)
  std::cout << "fnum: " << fnum << std::endl; // <-- Prints the floating point variable (variable fnum)
  
  return 0;
}

Other Data Types

As previously listed:

string

- Integers (whole number) (2 or 4 bytes).

int

- floating point number (4 bytes).

float

- Stores strings (Text) (use ').

But there are other data types in C++, such as:

double

- Stores strings (Text) (use ").

char

- floating point number (8 bytes).

bool

- true (1) or false (0) (1 byte).

Comments

Below is an example of comments.

// This is a single line comment
/*
* This is a multi-line comment
* that spans multiple lines
*/